1N4004 データシートの表示（PDF） - STMicroelectronics

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1N4004

OFFLINE FLYBACK CONVERTERS DESIGN METHODOLOGY WITH THE L6590 FAMILY

STMicroelectronics 

AN1262 APPLICATION NOTE

may be achieved by using paralleled capacitors.

ESR, besides being responsible for capacitor heating, is what basically determines the switching frequency volt-

age ripple superimposed on top of the DC value. This is true as long as the capacitive contribution to the ripple

is negligible, that is if:

Cout > >100 ⋅ -V----r--%---I--o⋅--u-V--t---o⋅---uD---t--x⋅---f--s---w--

(18)

The specification on the maximum allowed output ripple is then translated into a requirement on the maximum

ESR of the capacitor:

ESRx = -V1---0-r-%-0-- ⋅ V-I--s--o-p--u-k-t

(19)

Anyway, once the specification on either the AC ripple current or the ESR is fulfilled, the resulting capacitance

value definitely meets condition (18).

If the requirement on ESR is very tight, there is an alternative to using a large number of output capacitors: it is

possible to tolerate a higher ripple on Cout (provided the AC ripple requirement is met) and add an LC post filter,

like the one shown in fig. 6, that attenuates the ripple to the desired level.

Figure 6. Output post filter for ripple reduction

Post filter

L

Cout

ESR ∆Vo

C'

ESR'

∆Vout

The attenuation factor of such filter is approximately given by:

Ka = ∆-∆---V-V---o-O--u--p-t--p-–--–--p-p ≈ D ⋅ ( 1 – D) ⋅ -fE-s---wS-----⋅R---L--'

which is the same for complementary duty cycles and minimum for D=0.5. Thus, to get the desired attenuation

factor the following design equations can be applied:

Ka = 4-----E⋅---f--Ss---w-R----⋅'---L-- for Dx > 0.5

Ka = Dx ⋅ (1 – Dx) ⋅ f-E-s---w-S----⋅R---L--'

for Dx < 0.5

It is convenient to choose an off-the-shelf choke and then select a capacitor with an ESR low enough to get the

desired attenuation level. For low output current (less than 1 A) ferrite beads may be used. At any rate, the DC

current rating of the choke should be oversized to minimize DC voltage drop. In fact, the feedback should be

connected upstream the post filter to avoid stability problems (see "Control loop compensation" section).

19/42

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