TC820 データシートの表示（PDF） - Microchip Technology

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TC820

3-3/4 digit A/D converter with frequency counter and logic probe

Microchip Technology 

In a simple dual slope converter, a complete conver-

sion requires the integrator output to "ramp-up" from

zero and "ramp-down" back to zero. A simple mathe-

matical equation relates the input signal, reference volt-

age, and integration time.

EQUATION 3-1:

1

RINTCINT

∫

t0INTVIN(t)dt

=

VREFtDEINT

RINTCINT

Where: VREF = Reference Voltage

tINT = Integration Time

tDEINT = De-integration Time

For a constant VINT:

EQUATION 3-2:

VIN = VREF

tDEINT

tINT

FIGURE 3-1:

Analog

Input Signal R

BASIC DUAL SLOPE

CONVERTER

C

Integrator

–

+

–Comparator

+

REF

Voltage

Switch

Driver

Phase

Control

Polarity Control

Control

Logioc

Clock

Display

Counter

VIN = VREF

VIN = 1.2VREF

Fixed Signal

Integrate Time

Variable Reference

Integrate Time

Accuracy in a dual slope converter is unrelated to the

integrating resistor and capacitor values as long as

they are stable during a measurement cycle. An inher-

ent benefit of the dual slope technique is noise immu-

nity. Noise spikes are integrated or averaged to zero

during the integration periods, making integrating

ADCs immune to the large conversion errors that

plague successive approximation converters in high

noise environments. Interfering signals, with frequency

components at multiples of the averaging (integrating)

period, will be attenuated (Figure 3-2). Integrating

ADCs commonly operate with the signal integration

period set to a multiple of the 50/60Hz power line

period.

© 2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

TC820

FIGURE 3-2:

NORMAL MODE

REJECTION OF DUAL

SLOPE CONVERTER

30

T = Measurement

Period

20

10

0

0.1/T

1/T

Input Frequency

10/T

3.2 Analog Section

In addition to the basic integrate and de-integrate dual

slope phases discussed above, the TC820 design

incorporates a "zero integrator output" phase and an

"auto-zero" phase. These additional phases ensure

that the integrator starts at 0V (even after a severe over

range conversion), and that all offset voltage errors

(buffer amplifier, integrator and comparator) are

removed from the conversion. A true digital zero read-

ing is assured without any external adjustments.

A complete conversion consists of four distinct phases:

1. Zero Integrator Output

2. Auto-Zero

3. Signal Integrate

4. Reference De-integrate

3.2.1

ZERO INTEGRATOR OUTPUT

PHASE

This phase guarantees that the integrator output is at

0V before the system zero phase is entered, ensuring

that the true system offset voltages will be compen-

sated for even after an over range conversion. The

duration of this phase is 500 counts plus the unused

de-integrate counts.

3.2.2 AUTO-ZERO PHASE

During the auto-zero phase, the differential input signal

is disconnected from the measurement circuit by open-

ing internal analog switches, and the internal nodes are

shorted to Analog Common (0VREF) to establish a zero

input condition. Additional analog switches close a

feedback loop around the integrator and comparator to

permit comparator offset voltage error compensation. A

voltage established on CAZ then compensates for inter-

nal device offset voltages during the measurement

cycle. The auto-zero phase residual is typically 10µV to

15µV. The auto-zero duration is 1500 counts.

DS21476B-page 9

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